[fiddlerwoaroof]

You have to distinguish Java the language and the JVM: Class files generated by any (?) version of the Java compiler before the JVM version you’re using will usually work on the newer JVM. Java 9+ started removing classes, breaking API compatibility: but, generally, there are additional jars/command-line options that can be used to restore the older behavior.

Minecraft, in particular, has always worked fine with Java 9+, ime: if you know the flags to apply (and delete the jar that checks the Java version), it more or less just worked. I’ve been running it for a year+ on new JVMs so I could use the Shenandoah GC and take advantage of more of the 128GB RAM in my desktop.

[pjmlp]

Not any longer, as per Java 17, people have had enough time to port their code, and those switches now "do nothing".

This is the last step before they get fully removed.