[bmc7505]

I see. The Ph.D. route is not an easy one, and you should think carefully whether it is what you really want. However I would not assume that less-than-perfect grades are an insurmountable barrier. More importantly, you must be persistent and resourceful.

Between McGill and UdeM, there are probably a half-dozen professors working on systems, formal reasoning, and type theory in Montreal. There are others at UofT, Waterloo and UBC. If your interests align maybe reach out to see if they are taking new students?

If you are still interested in machine learning, you might also consider applying to Mila/IQIA in parallel:

https://mila.quebec/en/cours/supervision/

Anyhow, good luck with your next steps -- I hope you'll find what you're looking for.