[blub]

Those errors can also be considered and mitigated though, if one thinks about what could go wrong instead of only thinking about what exceptions can be thrown:

1. One must either encode the assumption into a precondition or transfer the incoming data into a sorted data structure. But the gist is to always validate assumptions.

2. RAII’s pretty good at handling resources. Then one can inject failures to test the error handling paths and combine with code coverage measurements.

3. That sounds like an issue in the wider system which may be handled in the subsystem under development assuming that it can throttle back its requests, drop them, etc. But it may just as well be handled in another part of the larger system. It belongs more to the architecture realm, but it’s absolutely possible to foresee such issues.

[hk-im-ad]

For 1, the bug stems from unintentionally using undefined behavior due to a misunderstanding. You can never get the answer by "thinking about what could go wrong" because your view of the system makes the failure case impossible.