[grishka]

Android should definitely be possible. The emulator that comes with the SDK already uses QEMU under the hood.

[therein]

In that case I wonder if the guest OS would pick up the AT interface of the modem on /dev/ttyUSB0.

Especially on an M1, perhaps running the arm builds wouldn't have too much overhead either, even though there are x86-64 images available as well.