[cmrdporcupine]

Arguably win32 GUI or Cocoa are not "OS level" APIs; yes some aspects of them are invoked through syscall type interfaces (esp win32) but not consistently and the operating system itself is entirely usable without them. Especially Cocoa. You can boot a Mac into a BSD shell without ever running Finder and the GUI.

Writing into a framebuffer is arguably as much of an abstraction these days as many of these toolkits. In the modern world of GPUs and display controllers a framebuffer itself is already N levels away from the "physical" display hardware. We're not in VGA land anymore. Some aspects of the OS or the OS's interaction with the display driver may present something like a linear framebuffer to you, but underneath that is a world of GPU textures and buffers and display controller abstractions.

When I think of OS-level APIs I think of ioctl, mmap, file descriptors and sockets. I guess that's my Linux bias showing?

[overgard]

Well, that's kind of what I'm driving at with things like the win32 api being a bit too high level and still kind of sucking. An example would be the GDI (the way you draw simple graphics). Like, it's in the worst of both worlds in that it's both slow and annoying to use. Or you can use DirectX and draw things fast, but you need to know a lot more. I think my point is mainly that OS's might be better off just giving you things like DirectX (and mmap and ioctl, etc.) and leaving off things like the GDI.

I know right now Microsoft keeps making like 50000 new UI frameworks and part of me is like, just knock it the fuck off, give me some style guidelines and some super-efficient very low level no-frills API's and let me just build apps off a library like Qt that abstracts it.

[pjmlp]

Unless you plan to write an OS personality yourself, there is no way to use Windows without Win32.