[Spivak]

That’s how it has to work when there’s a kernel mismatch from host to guest. You’re implying more layers than there actually are.

- MacOS running a hypervisor

- A Linux VM with Docker installed.

- A Linux container running on that VMs kernel.

Containers on Linux aren’t virtualized (normally, you could use runV I suppose if you wanted). The only overhead is the extra disk space to extract the root fs of the container image and the namespacing.

[hda111]

You can run systemd in podman or LXD containers.

LXC was the first container implementation on Linux and uses full Linux systems similar to a VM.