[throw0101a]

> First - we already have extended the IPv4 address space by using + PORT in many cases (ie, running through CGNAT). So if I want to talk to another IPv4 host, we focus on IPv4+PORT, and the CGNAT's translate that to private IPv4 addresses on their local networks.

So how does a VPS / cloud provider use the +PORT to give themselves and their customers more publicly-available addresses to assign to virtual machines?

> Plenty of good migration options exist(ed) that allow for each host to be single stack and still talk to each other while upgrading at different rates.

Do you have any citations for these options?