Literacy tests were biased in the post civil war era not only because black folks were at a substantially disadvantaged insofar as becoming literate in that era but because veterans of the civil war and their progeny were exempt as were other fellows of "good character".
That is to say it was used as an excuse to prevent black folks from voting whilst many white illiterates were welcomed into the voting booth.
That is to say it was used as an excuse to prevent black folks from voting whilst many white illiterates were welcomed into the voting booth.