[dredmorbius]

WATS lines (toll-free service numbers) provide additional caller information above and beyond a standard toll line, on the premise that it's the callee who's paying for the call.

This has been a privacy concern for decades.

Services have changed substantially and I'm no longer current on information (WATS itself has been retired), but no, a toll-free call is not the same as a standard POTS / direct-dialed toll number, AFAIU.

That's above and beyond the per-user or per-source tracking accomplished here.

Note that similar schemes can be run via postal mail through specific P.O. Box or department routing addresses.