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by Johnny555 1760 days ago
An LED doesn't run on 24V DC, what's the difference in efficiency between an LED lamp that runs off 120V AC and one that runs off 24V DC?
3 comments

Most lamps do not contain a single LED, but rather a string of LEDs. For example, LED panels (troffers) usually use strings of 12 LEDs for a Vf of around 36V.
> An LED doesn't run on 24V DC

It can. Cree's JR5050 24‐V LEDs run on 24V. They have 30V and 36V versions as well.

That is because that package internally steps down that voltage. Any LED that produces light in the visible range will have a bandgap in the 1 to 2 Volt range. Feeding it a higher voltage than that would lead to disastrous current run away. The package that contains the LED and the current limiter and whatever other electronics are in there might of course accept 24V DV, or 110V AC or 230V AC or 17.4V at 4kHz. But the question that your parent comment was asking is: For which of those choices is the conversion most efficient to get to the voltage and current that the LED actually needs in the end.
LEDs are usually current-controlled, not voltage controlled.

You might have several LEDs in series and they might very well have a voltage drop across all of them of 24V or even much higher when maintaining an operational amount of current.

I know. But at the maximum rated current the voltage drop across the LED is going to be only marginally higher than the band gap. Definitely not 24 Volts. So the question becomes what do you do with the excess voltage. If you are smart you don't just burn it in a resistor. And at that point the question is exactly what the OP asked: For which input voltage do you minimize total losses.
The could, but in general you would prefer to wire them in parallel so that nobody notices when one burns out - it just gets a little dimmer.
The power supply. An AC-to-DC converter is bigger, hotter, and more prone to failure than a much simpler 24VDC buck.
Aren't efficient DC-DC converters just switching power supplies? Are they inherently more efficient or long lived than a 120VAC-DC switching power supply?

I'm using my ipad while plugged into a 120V USB charger, and the charger isn't even warm.