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> It wouldn't. Their immune system already has a sample of the virus. Giving them a vaccine would give them nothing they don't already have.

What you said applies to most viruses (flu, corona, ...), but not to HIV.

There is a reason we failed to create a HIV vaccine for 30 years, and that reason is that simply presenting the virus just doesn't work.

So this vaccine uses a new quite amazing methodology, instead of presenting the virus, it presents something else designed to trigger the 1 in the million B cell from our bodies which are actually capable of producing a neutralizing antibody. Regular vaccine trigger randomly the other 999999 B cells which produce useless antibodies.

Typically that process takes 10 years for a HIV infected person, after which they produce the proper antibodies.

This approach is called germ-line targeting, and tries to accelerate that 10 year process in 2-3 shots.