[miohtama]

> The important stuff is not transparent. For example, how do you know that Tether is backed by real USD? That Binance isn’t manipulating prices via wash trades? That the promises made about various coins are being upheld? etc.

You are describing so called centralised finance (CeFi) whereas the most high quality Ethereum projects focus on decentralised finance (DeFi). DeFi tries to break any chains to opaque companies and have all actions happening transparently and auditable on-chain. However ones like Tether murky the waters a lot here.

[sorbits]

> DeFi tries to break any chains to opaque companies and have all actions happening transparently and auditable on-chain

How can you create anything of value¹ by limiting yourself to on-chain transactions?

If value is created, the transaction would cover something happening in parallel, and your transparency does not extend to that.

¹ I do not consider lotteries or similar zero-sum games as value creation, but those can be 100% on-chain.

[philwelch]

Any economic system works because people choose to believe in it. Specifically, people with guns. For instance, I have US Dollars, and I can exchange US Dollars for goods and services because everyone agrees to let me do so. I don't have them on me though--my bank has a record of how many US Dollars I have, and if they suddenly decide I don't have US Dollars for a sufficiently bad reason, that's some type of embezzlement, and I can go through a process involving highly trained professionals arguing on my behalf in front of someone wearing a black robe, and eventually men with guns will force them to give me my US Dollars back.

Likewise, we also all choose to agree that the owner of a car or a piece of land is whoever holds legal title to that car or piece of land according to some records maintained by some government office. If you think you own my car, and you make a duplicate set of keys and drive away in my car, I can get men with guns to go try to stop you from doing that because the official record says it's my car. But if you're the repo man, and I miss enough car payments, you can get the men with guns to take your side instead of mine, according to a similar process involving trained professionals arguing in front of someone wearing a black robe.

So yeah, the actual value isn't on-chain. What the chain replaces is the system of implicitly trusted institutions keeping records and adjudicating disagreements. Sure, out there in the real world, you have my car, but it's the record keeping that helps the men with guns decide whether to let you keep it or throw you in a cage for the next few years.

[miohtama]

You can create value by for example connectind lenders and borrowers. The money could be used in real economy, albeit does not happen too much yet today. For example, developing nation export companies can get a dollar loan with better terms they would get from their local corrupted bank.

[vkou]

Developing nation export companies can already borrow money through international markets. If they are going through the corrupt local bank, it's either because they are forced to by legislature (In which case crypto does nothing for them), or because they have corrupt executives who are getting kickbacks (In which case crypto also does nothing for them.)

Is there an actual problem that this solves?

[sorbits]

How would you ensure that the companies repay their loans?