I tell all my coachees not to use "technical debt" outside of technology, if ever. Same goes for the phrase "refactoring", don't use it outside technology.
"We outgrew the choices we made that allowed us to grow fast, and need to refresh our product to sustain the growth rate" = actually means what we want to say
Makes it clear that prioritizing new features will come at the expense of growth. Which is ultimately what the stakeholders really care about.
I've only ever seen these terms used in programming contexts