[nmaley]

Note that these numbers are from Italy, which is known to have extremely low intergenerational income mobility. See https://voxeu.org/article/intergenerational-mobility-across-... One key characteristic of high mobility countries is the availability of high quality public education (primary, secondary and tertiary). High mobility countries (eg Denmark, Canada, Australia) tend to have a large, low cost tertiary education sector where admission is strictly determined by independent measures of academic achievement. The old school tie counts for little or nothing in these societies.