[cheaprentalyeti]

Technically there were a bunch of German "emperors" although they called themselves kings. They're the people that Justinian fought against, more or less, when he reconquered Italy and in the process killed large parts of the population.

I'll have to double-check Duncan's podcast to see if he ends it in the 470s or in the 530s or so. Personally I think the Gothic War/Lombard Invasion makes a much better ending point for civilization in the West than 472.

[thaumasiotes]

> there were a bunch of German "emperors" although they called themselves kings.

What does that mean? "King" was the word for the concept in every language except Latin, where it was still the word for the concept, but was avoided due to a cultural taboo.

A Roman emperor held many titles. English "emperor" derives from imperator, "commander", an honorific title given to generals. He was addressed as Caesar, originally a personal name, which survives in the German Kaiser and the Russian Tsar. To the Greeks, he was basileus, "king", because there was no Greek taboo on the word "king".

There was no title analogous to Near Eastern "king of kings" or Chinese 皇帝, explicitly set above the level of a "king".

[User23]

For some reason introductory history doesn’t much cover the Visigothic Roman Kingdom, but it’s quite interesting. L. Sprague de Camp set his marvelous Lest Darkness Fall in that time period.