[lloeki]

The approach is weird because it focuses on shapes:

"many of the letters look similar – such as v/w, i/j and m/n – thus people with dyslexia often confuse these letters"

Dyslexic people usually don't confuse letters M and N, they confuse M and P. Notice how they don't relate in any sort of way. This shows how much of a brainfuck (no offense) it is to live with dyslexia, and how hard it is for non-dyslexic to understand the disability.

To make an object-oriented parallel, dyslexic people know very well the difference between two classes (concepts), but when seeing or creating instances (realisation), they can't seem to make heads or tails of which one belongs to which class. So the instances m of class M and p of class P will get processed as some mashup M/P. The only way out is to work around the mashup by tying M class and P class each to another unrelated concept, but related to the instances.

So as an example, the letter 'm' is linked to the word 'marmalade' (which is an instance of the concept of 'Marmalade') and p to the word peanut (itself an instance of Peanut). 'Marmalade' and 'Peanut' being hopefully[0] unrelated, the person can find a solution by linking concepts (not instances) 'M' to 'Marmalade' and 'P' to 'Peanut', so that when the person tries to process the word 'motor', instead of being faced with a dreadful (M/P).O.T.O.R. they will be able work around the issue by thinking (Marmalade).O.T.O.R.

I took the 'm' shape which is present in both 'marmalade' and 'motor' as a link vector, but really any vector will do, and people use an extremely diverse array of vectors and associations. One can end up linking 'm' to 'Green' just because for some reason seeing a 'm' makes him thing of the color (hence concept) 'Green' whereas 'p' will be tied to 'Red'. Being able to break the M/P mashup is the key, and whatever association will do, so it just happens that M/P+Green == M for someone.

[0] I said 'hopefully', because concepts of any level can result in a mashup. If for some reason the mashup Marmalade/Peanut exists, it will be of no help to map m to Marmalade.

[mitcheme]

Could I have a link to the M/P thing? I googled it but all I could find was stuff about M[agnocellular] and P[arvocellular] processing in dyslexics.

[lloeki]

My wife is dyslexic. She used to have a hard time with phonemes and syllables containing M/P, T/D, F/V, P/B. Please note that she's a native French speaker, and language type (opaque vs transparent) seems to have an influence on dyslexia. She managed to reach university by herself, but was hitting more and more road blocks especially as she considered a Law cursus. She reached a speech&language therapist ("orthophoniste", don't know how developed it is over there, but it's quite a well-known field here in France) which trained her at working around her difficulties. She's now on a successful path towards a masters degree in Law, and you probably know how much words are of much importance in that field, so I guess it's a total win.

SLTs actually use those associations to quickly and accurately diagnose dyslexia, so sorry, I have no reference to give to you. It may look like anecdotal evidence, but I get that straight from the horse's mouth.

[mitcheme]

OK, thank you. My high school math teacher was dyslexic but as he told it, it was an issue with letter rotation, flipping, and swapping, which is what I've heard from other sources (including local SLTs). Maybe that's something that depends on native language or the type of dyslexia you have.

[sjwright]

You mention that one might link 'm' to 'Green', for arbitrary reasons. Makes me wonder if anyone has tried actually colourising the typography. If every instance of 'm' was tinted green, every 'p' was tinted red, and perhaps a rainbow of tints for the most problematic characters, might the colour patterns made with words assist the reading process?

[lloeki]

Speech language therapists ("orthophonistes" in France) actually use that kind of technique as training. Sometimes it's colors, or it can be pictures or symbols right above or below letters or words.