I think PyCharm Professional's docker-compose remote interpreter[0] does too. It was a lot of setup but it's the only way I know to have your code run inside containers and actually be able to stop at breakpoints inside them. (I don't know much about Docker.)
Container fast run or something like that right ? If you observe the commands it does, it simply mounts everything it needs on the container and uses the first stage of the docker file (which is usually a base image) to run your stuff.
0: https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/using-docker-compose-...