[Broken_Hippo]

Definitely - to a point. You pay local taxes first, but if they aren't high enough, you still have to pay US taxes. If you are married to someone of a different nationality, you cannot use online tax filing services without the spouse getting a number from the US government and reporting their income as well - even if they have never lived or worked in the US.

So it turns out that living in Norway means that I have to file paper taxes any year I work, but generally don't have to pay since Norway's taxes are high enough. If I lived somewhere with a low tax rate, I'd have to file and pay taxes.

Note: In general, I don't have to pay All taxes. We have Federal, state, and local taxes - they are generally only concerned with paying federal taxes while I live overseas. This also means that someone might still pay a lower tax rate overseas, depending on the state that they came from and the type of income they receive.