The field of Open Information Extraction has been trying to do that in a generic way for a long time, but the results are still far from good. A few references: OpenIE [1] Graphene [2] MinIE [3].
If you already have a Knowledge Graph (KG) and want to populate its instances from documents, that's called KG Population, and Knowledge-net [4] is a good reference.
Relation Extraction is another interesting approach if you know which kind of relations you're interested in, OpenNRE [5] a good example.