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Symbiotic just means two species living close together. That may be positive (mutualistic), neutral (commensal), or negative (parasitism). However, mutualistic and parasitic may not be mutually exclusive. For examples, see: 1. McKay, D. M. (2009). The therapeutic helminth?. Trends in parasitology, 25(3), 109-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.008 2. Zaccone, P., Fehervari, Z., Phillips, J. M., Dunne, D. W., & Cooke, A. (2006). Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases. Parasite immunology, 28(10), 515-523, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00879.x |