[Rafert]

100%. 3DS is for card payments and using Netherlands and Germany as examples here is just plain bad - in these countries bank-based payment methods are more popular: iDEAL in NL (which has used 2FA for years), Sofort and Giropay in DE.

See: - https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/guides/global-payment-me... - https://stripe.com/en-us/payments/payment-methods-guide#paym...

[lxgr]

At least the German services also need 2FA these days, though (since they access bank accounts, which require 2FA for all outgoing payments as well).