There is fairly new Zeiss camera that implemented the whole "camera OS" with Android and even included mobile Lightroom editing capabilities. I guess it's as close as it gets right now.
My theory is that the main Japanese companies are extremely conservative and they don't pick up such changes easily - see how Canon and Nikon completely missed mirrorless and suffered huge market loss to Sony.
Most image processing has to do with imitating full frame sensors (better low light photography, DOF, etc.) So I'm not sure if full frame/APSC/Med-format cameras need the same image processing that camera phones have. Also, most people who use the bigger sensor cameras are probably pros. Most of them would prefer a "blank slate" and use RAWs.
Camera phones have significantly better processing than newer full frame cameras at this point; obviously they can't take the same pictures, but full frame cameras can't do HDR, noise stacking, night mode etc very well. You can do it by hand by shooting raws and editing them together but it's inconvenient. The autofocus is also more advanced in iPhones with lidar.
I assume part of this is that the camera companies are Japanese and refuse to pay any engineers more than $20k a year.
My Olympus does in-body HDR, noise reduction with stacking, low-light handheld with sensor stabilization, and more. It's not "full-frame" but full-frame is a meaningless condescension from the 35mm crowd.
Besides that, the main problem with the processing in those cameras is they don't do it to RAW, only to 8-bit JPG, so nothing for HDR displays. iPhone can do fused RAW, 10-bit HEIC, and takes HDR photos and has an HDR display to show them.