[microtonal]

If you are using USB-C in alternate mode, it means that you forego everything else: with USB-C cable, you can basically use USB2, power delivery and (USB3 or alternate mode) at the same time.

Incorrect. Perhaps with a low-end adapter, but with a higher end dock (and sufficiently modern hardware that supports DP1.3) you can drive 4k@60Hz [1], USB 3.2 Gen 2 10Gbit/s, USB 2, and PD at the same time over a single USB-C cable. For example, the Lenovo USB-C Dock Gen 2 that I use does this without any issues.

The configuration is that two superspeed lanes are used for USB 3.2. The other two superspeed lanes are used for DP-Alt, which have 8.1Gbit/s bandwidth per lane with HBR3 for a total of 16.2, which is perfectly fine for 4k@60Hz. You can even do higher resolutions with DSC (though I am not sure which, if any, docks support this).

[1] Or lower resolutions/refresh rates with HBR2.