[iamcurious]

> This has been the subject of numerous academic papers.

Those papers sound interesting. Can you recommend any?

>it's no secret that Europe isn't exactly a hotbed of tech innovation

When you mean innovation, do you refer to Xerox and Bell Labs? Or to Microsoft and Apple? Cause europe has a lot of the first kind, not much of the second kind. And even when they do, they might end being sold out. Like Nokia and Skype.