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by godmode2019 1895 days ago
I think everyone was a txt file on their computer filled with FFmpeg commands.

Care to share yours?

35 comments

Video to GIF

  SET filters="fps=%4,scale=%3:-1:flags=lanczos"
  ffmpeg -v warning -i %1 -vf "%filters%,palettegen" -y palette.png
  ffmpeg -v warning -i %1 -i palette.png -lavfi "%filters% \[x\]; \[x\]\[1:v\] paletteuse" -y %2
  DEL palette.png

  togif.bat <input.mp4> <output.gif> <width> <fps>
Extract audio from a video

  ffmpeg -i "path\to\my_input_video_file.mp4" "path\to\my_output_audio_only.wav"
Extract specific video and audio stream

  ffmpeg -i "path\to\my_input_video_file.mp4" -map 0:0 -c copy video.mp4 -map 0:1 -c copy audio0.m4a -map 0:2 -c copy audio1.m4a
Concatenate two or more video clips

  (echo file 'first file.mp4' & echo file 'second file.mp4' )>list.txt
  ffmpeg -safe 0 -f concat -i list.txt -c copy output.mp4
Convert 10-bit H.265 to 10-bit H.264

  ffmpeg -i input -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -c:a copy output.mkv
Convert 10-bit H.265 to 8-bit H.265

  ffmpeg -i input -c:v libx265 -vf format=yuv420p -c:a copy output.mkv
Convert 10-bit H.265 to 8-bit H.264

  ffmpeg -i input -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -vf format=yuv420p -c:a copy output.mkv
> Extract audio from a video

If you use `-vn` and `-acodec copy` (I use both although not sure `-vn` is strictly necessary), you can demux the audio from the video in the same format it is already in. Of course, you're extracting to wav so not transcoding, but copying may be faster/use less space.

> Extract audio from a video

In my opinion, `ffmpeg -i filename.mp4 filename.wav` is one of the greatest known examples of powerful functionality with a simple interface.

I have one glorious:

    ffmpeg -hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid -i input.mp4 -vf "hwdownload,format=nv12,scale=(iw*sar)*max(1280/(iw*sar)\,720/ih):ih*max(1280/(iw*sar)\,720/ih), crop=1280:720, subtitles=input.srt:force_style='FontName='TiresiasScreenfont',Fontsize=32,Outline=2,MarginL=50,MarginV=30,Alignment=1',minterpolate=fps=60:mi_mode=blend" -c:v h264_nvenc -preset slow -b:v 8M -f matroska - | vlc -
What it does: Allows streaming content to Chrome Cast with my idea of subtitles through VLC.

For me I want subtitles with Tiresias screen font used in Finnish YLE 90s. (Aligned always to left second row, so that starting point is always the same. Center alignment is bad because you need to always re-adjust eyes to the position where the subtitles start, left alignment makes the first character always in same place.)

* `hwaccel cuvid -c:v h264_cuvid` * makes the hardware accelerated decoding (h264 only)

* `-vf` * video filter

* `hwdownload,format=nv12` * downloads the hardware accelerated frame to memory for the video filter (required by cuvid)

* `scale=(iwsar)max(1280/(iwsar)\,720/ih):ihmax(1280/(iw*sar)\,720/ih), crop=1280:720` * crops the video to 1280x720, (exteremely high impact on performance!) Use crop and resize cuvid below for better performance.

* `subtitles=input.srt:force_style='FontName='TiresiasScreenfont',Fontsize=32,Outline=2,MarginL=50,MarginV=30,Alignment=1'` * subtitles

* `-c:v h264_nvenc -preset slow -b:v 8M` * hardware accelerated encoding 8000 kb/s for 720p/60 (for 1080p use `16M`)

* `-f matroska * | vlc -` * output as matroska, pipe to VLC

* `minterpolate=fps=60:mi_mode=blend` * output 60 fps interpolate blending (this can cause problems, avoid sometimes)

Crop and resize with cuvid example:

* `-hwaccel cuvid -crop 0x0x200x200` - faster way to crop top x bottom x left x right

* `-hwaccel cuvid -resize 1200x300` - resize (forces the size)

Seek example:

Seek to 30 minutes (60*30 = 1800)

   ffmpeg -ss 1800 ... vf "hwdownload,format=nv12,setpts=PTS+1800/TB,subtitles='...',setpts=PTS-STARTPTS"`
According to Yle they only started using Tiresias in 2012. The article doesn't mention which font they were using before. I would be interested in their 90s font as well.

Source: https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2012/01/27/televisiokanavien-t...

Interesting, I haven't really watched Finnish TV past ten years. However it can't be too different from Tiresias, it was tall as well, and pretty big outline. You can see the 90s font here:

https://youtu.be/enNnlLcSl9I?t=90

Edit: Comparing 90s font to Tiresias, I would too like to have that exact font they used in 90s. E.g. big "J" is terrible in Tiresias compared to that.

Neither have I. You are right that they are quite similar but not identical.

Ps. Never thought I'd discuss Yle subtitles at Hacker News. Thank you for your comment! :)

Been following the VLC subtitles/Chromecast issue for several years now. Thank you so much for this!
Here are two not present in the comments so far.

Print subtitles (useful for old TVs that can't select a subtitle from streams or files; I use this to get my kids to watch movies in English):

    -vf "ass=subtitle.ass"
or with .srt and in a huge yellow font

    -vf "subtitles=subtitles.srt:force_style='Fontsize=36,PrimaryColour=&H0000FFFF'"
Extract 1 second of video every 90 seconds (if you have very long footage of a trip from a dashcam and you don't know what to do with it, that makes for a much shorter "souvenir"):

    -vf "select='lt(mod(t,90),1)',setpts=N/FRAME_RATE/TB" -af "aselect='lt(mod(t,90),1)',asetpts=N/SR/TB"
mine:

  h264:
  -c:v libx264 -preset medium -crf 22

  h265:
  -c:v libx265 -preset medium -crf 26

  no recompress:
  -c copy

  presets:
  ultrafast,superfast, faster, fast, medium, slow, slower, veryslow

  desinterlace:
  -vf yadif

  target size:
  -s 1920x1080

  aspect ratio without recompressing:
  -aspect 16:9

  rotate video:
  -vf "transpose=1"
  0 = 90CounterCLockwise and Vertical Flip (default)
  1 = 90Clockwise
  2 = 90CounterClockwise
  3 = 90Clockwise and Vertical Flip

  rotate without recompressing:
  -metadata:s:v rotate="90"

  audio aac two channels:
  -c:a aac -b:a 160k -ac 2

  web fast start:
  -movflags +faststart

  autoscale to WxH with black bands:
  -vf "scale=W:H:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=W:H:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"

  get jpeg snapshot:
  -vframes 1 -q:v 2 dest.jpg

  concatenate mp4 without recompressing:
  -f concat -safe 0 -i "files.txt" -c copy -movflags +faststart
  files.txt format:
  file 'filepath'

  ffprobe get videoinfo:
  ffprobe -v quiet -print_format xml -show_format -show_streams "filepath" > file.xml

  if override which sub track is default, use "-default_mode infer_no_subs"

  clear disposition (default sub):
  -disposition:s 0

  default or forced disposition:
  -disposition:s forced

  track metadata (audio):
  -metadata:s:a title="xx"
  track metadata (video):
  -metadata:s:v title="xx"
  global metadata:
  -metadata title="xx"
  -metadata description="xx"
  -metadata comment="xx"

  extract sound from video to mp4
  ffmpeg -i source_video.avi -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 192k -f mp3 sound.mp3

  skip time (place after input file):
  -ss 00:05:00

  stop after:
  -t 00:05:00 

  Approx fast seek (place before input file):
  -ss 00:05:00 -noaccurate_seek -i ....
If you place -ss after the input file it will take longer. For true seek place -ss before -i.
It will only approximately seek to a te using GOP i-frames if you do -ss before -i which in MPEG2 is generally ~15frames=0.5s. But a GOP can be pretty long, like 30s, in MPEG4.

https://ottverse.com/trim-cut-video-using-start-endtime-reen...

Here's one I wrote a blog post[0] about on how to merge two audio tracks of a video into one track without re-encoding the video:

    ffmpeg -i 'input.mkv' -filter_complex '[0:a:1]volume=0.1[l];[0:a:0][l]amerge=inputs=2[a]' -map '0:v:0' -map '[a]' -c:v copy -c:a libmp3lame -q:a 3 -ac 2 'output.mp4'
[0] https://blog.nytsoi.net/2017/12/31/ffmpeg-combining-audio-tr...
Downmixes audio on movies from surround sound to stereo balanced for night watching (prevents audio being too quiet) so that they can direct stream on my devices

  ffmpeg -hide_banner -loglevel error -nostdin -y -i "$f" -map 0:0 -c:v copy -map 0:a:0? -c:a:0 aac -b:a:0 160k -filter:a:0 "pan=stereo|FL=1.414*FC+0.707*FL+0.5*FLC+0.5*BL+0.5*SL+0.5*LFE|FR=1.414*FC+0.707*FR+0.5*FRC+0.5*BR+0.5*SR+0.5*LFE,acompressor=ratio=4" -metadata:s:a:0 title="NightMixed" -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -disposition:a:0 default -map 0:a:0? -c:a:1 copy -disposition:a:1 none -map 0:a:1? -c:a:2 copy -disposition:a:2 none -map 0:a:2? -c:a:3 copy -disposition:a:3 none -map 0:a:3? -c:a:4 copy -disposition:a:4 none -map 0:a:4? -c:a:5 copy -disposition:a:5 none -map 0:a:5? -c:a:6 copy -disposition:a:6 none -map 0:a:6? -c:a:7 copy -disposition:a:7 none -map 0:a:7? -c:a:8 copy -disposition:a:8 none -map 0:a:8? -c:a:9 copy -disposition:a:9 none -map 0:s:0? -c:s:0 copy -map 0:s:1? -c:s:1 copy -map 0:s:2? -c:s:2 copy -map 0:s:3? -c:s:3 copy -map 0:s:4? -c:s:4 copy -map 0:s:5? -c:s:5 copy -map 0:s:6? -c:s:6 copy -map 0:s:7? -c:s:7 copy -map 0:s:8? -c:s:8 copy -map 0:s:9? -c:s:9 copy "/home/pi/media/remixed_in_progress/$f"
Goddammit I can't believe how downmixing x.y to 2.0 isn't a solved problem by now and is so broken through and through.

I mean, it's never ever done in a way that doesn't produce quiet dialog that makes you raise volume and loud sounds that makes your eardrums bleed. Like, even basic audio normalisation would produce half-decent results, but no we get crazy contrast by default and constant volume switching.

The interesting part is that most media is being consumed with stereo audio down-mixing. Everyone streaming content on their laptops, with their television's speakers or with a sound bar. Yet all the audio is recorded and mastered for surround sound systems, even though they could include mastered stereo audio without the down-mixing issues like quiet audio.
I only have one, and it's for a rather niche use: fixing incorrect or missing h264/h265 bitstream metadata without re-encoding, for example:

    ffmpeg -i source.avc -c copy -bsf:v h264_metadata=colour_primaries=1:matrix_coefficients=1 output.h264
https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-bitstream-filters.html#h264_005fme... https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201906-I/en

  function grab-screen-lossless {
    ffmpeg -an -f x11grab -video_size 1920x1080 -framerate 60 -i :0.0 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset llhq -tune zerolatency -crf 0 -qp 0 "${1}"
  }
  
  function grab-screen {
    ffmpeg -an -f x11grab -video_size 1920x1080 -framerate 60 -i :0.0 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset llhq -tune zerolatency -qp 10 "${1}"
  }
  
  function vid_compress {
    ffmpeg -i "${1}" -codec:v libx264 -preset:v fast -pix_fmt yuv420p "${2}"
  }
Wow never realized ffmpeg could be used like this!

Unfortunately both these commands create a somewhat jerky video on my rx 550 on linux mint and drives CPU crazy (ryzen 3500).

I guess it's my underpowered graphics card, but any way to tweak your grab-screen-lossless for a smoother capture?

I'm surprised those specific commands work at all on your machine, since they use the Nvidia-specific nvenc.
Also I tried with -vcodec huffyuv after searching the internet, but no change in performace :/
probably because i habe a gt 710 in the second slot for driving my 4 monitor setup. also it could be the reason why the capture is so choppy.
Here's one that generates AppStore previews with correct sizes and metadata. (iTunes Connect can be really picky about this sometimes.)

  # 1. Record your device using QuickTime 
  #  (File->New Movie Recording->Select your phone)
  # 2. Run `$ app-preview your-recording.mov`

  function app-preview() {
      echo "name $1"
      ffmpeg -i $1 -vf scale=1080:1920,setsar=1 -c:a copy "out_$1"
  }
This one just add a 5 second title to the video taking the name from the file name

#!/bin/bash

#Creates a Directory

mkdir -p titles

#loop for files in folder

for f in .MOV; do

    text="${f%.MOV}"     
               
#Uses drawtext

    ffmpeg -i "$f" -vf drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/opentype/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc  : \
text=$text : fontcolor=white: fontsize=82: box=1: boxcolor=black@0.5: \ boxborderw=20: x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-th-40 :enable='between(t,0,5)'" -codec:a copy "./titles/$f" done # Other options:

# Bottom center: x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-th (with 10 px padding: x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-th-20)

# centered: x=(w-text_w)/2: y=(h-text_h)/2

This is my trim tool to cut beginnings and/or endings of files

#!/bin/bash

mkdir -p trimmed

duration=$(ffmpeg -i "$1" 2>&1 | grep "Duration"| cut -d ' ' -f 4 | sed s/,//)

length=$(echo "$duration" | awk '{ split($1, A, ":"); print 3600A[1] + 60*A[2] + A[3] }' )

trim_start="$2"

trim_end=$(echo "$length" - "$3" - "$trim_start" | bc)

ffmpeg -ss "$trim_start" -i "$1" -c copy -map 0 -t "$trim_end" "./trimmed/$1"

# Example # >trim example.MOV 0.2 10

Gladly. There's even some relatively advanced stuff in there:

  # Save a RTSP stream to file
  ffmpeg -i rtps://someserver/somevideo -c copy out.mp4

  # encoding quality settings examples
  #   H264
  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -a:c copy -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -preset slower -tune film -profile:v high -level 4.1 output.mp4
  #   H264 10bit (must switch to a different libx264 version)
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/x264-10bit ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -a:c copy -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -preset slower -tune film -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -profile:v high10 -level 5.0 output.mp4

  # resize 
  ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -s 480x270 -c:v libx264 out.mp4

  # change source fps
  ffmpeg -r 10 -i in.mp4 out.mp4

  # resample fps
  ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -r 10 out.mp4

  # extract the audio from a video
  ffmpeg -i inputfile.mp4 -vn -codec:a copy outputfile.m4a

  # merge audio and video files
  ffmpeg -i inputfile.mp4 -i inputfile.m4a -codec copy outputfile.mp4

  # cut (reencoding)
  #   set the start time and duration as HH:MM:SS
  ffmpeg -ss 00:00:40.000 -i input.mp4 -t 00:00:10 -c:v libx264 output.mp4
  #   set the start time and duration as seconds
  ffmpeg -ss 40.0 -i input.mp4 -t 10.0 -c:v libx264 output.mp4
  #   skip an exact number of frames at the start (100)
  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'select=gte(n\,100)' -c:v libx264 output.mp4

  # cut (w/o reencoding - cut times will be approximate)
  ffmpeg -ss 40.0 -i input.mp4 -t 10.0 -c copy output.mp4

  # save all keyframes to images
  ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf "select=eq(pict_type\,I)" -vsync vfr video-%03d.png

  # encode video from images (image numbering must be sequential)
  ffmpeg -r 25 -i image_%04d.jpg -vcodec libx264 timelapse.mp4

  # flip image horizontally
  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf hflip -c:v libx264 output.mp4

  # crop and concatenate 3 videos vertically
  ffmpeg -i cam_4.mp4 -i cam_5.mp4 -i cam_6.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]crop=1296:432:0:200[c0];[1:v]crop=1296:432:0:200[c1];[2:v]crop=1296:432:0:230[c2];[c0][c1][c2]vstack=inputs=3[out]" -map "[out]" out.mp4

  # 2x2 mosaic (all inputs must be same size)
  ffmpeg -i video1.mp4 -i video2.mp4 -i video3.mp4 -i video4.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]hstack=inputs=2[row1];[2:v][3:v]hstack=inputs=2[row2];[row1][row2]vstack=inputs=2[out]" -map "[out]" out.mp4

  # picture-in-picture
  ffmpeg -i video1.mp4 -i video2.mp4 -filter_complex "[1:v]scale=iw/3:ih/3[pip];[0:v][pip]overlay=main_w-overlay_w-20:main_h-overlay_h-20[out]" -map "[out]" out.mp4

  # print framerate of every file in dir
  for f in *.mp4; do echo $f; mediainfo $f|grep "Frame rate"; done

  # print selected info of every file in dir in CSV format
  for f in *.mp4; do echo -n $f,; mediainfo --Inform="Video;%Duration%,%FrameCount%,%FrameRate%" $f; done
> # save all keyframes to images > ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf "select=eq(pict_type\,I)" -vsync vfr video-%03d.png

Wow, I didn't know there was a "keyframes" feature on Ffmpeg. This is awesome, thanks for sharing.

Convert all FLAC files in the directory to MP3s, in parallel using fd:

    fd -t f -e flac . "$@" -x ffmpeg -loglevel 16 -i "{}" -qscale:a 0 "{.}.mp3"
Test patterns:

  ffmpeg -f lavfi -i testsrc=d=60:s=1920x1080:r=24,format=yuv420p -f lavfi -i sine=f=440:b=4 -b:v 1M -b:a 192k -shortest output-testsrc.mp4

  ffmpeg -f lavfi -i testsrc2=d=60:s=1920x1080:r=24,format=yuv420p -f lavfi -i sine=f=440:b=4 -b:v 1M -b:a 192k -shortest output-testsrc.mp4

  ffmpeg -f lavfi -i smptebars=d=60:s=1920x1080:r=24,format=yuv420p -f lavfi -i sine=f=440:b=4 -b:v 1M -b:a 192k -shortest output-smptebars.mp4

    $cat ~/bin/ffmpeg_grab_desktop.sh
    #!/bin/bash

    size=${1:-"1920x1080"}
    offset=${2:-"0,0"}
    name=${3:-"video"}

    ffmpeg -video_size $size -framerate 25 -f x11grab -i :0.0+$offset -c:v libx264 -crf 0 -preset ultrafast "$name.mkv"
    ffmpeg -i "$name.mkv" -movflags faststart -pix_fmt yuv420p "$name.mp4"
Very Carefully Rebuild a Video

# H264

    $ ffmpeg -i input.avi -c copy -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -preset slow output.mkv
# H265

    -c:v libx265 -crf 22
Append Subtitles

    $ ffmpeg -i input.mkv -i input.srt -map 0 -map 1 -c copy output.mkv
Concat Videos

    $ ls *.mkv > mylist.txt
    $ vim mylist.txt # append each line with "file "
    $ ffmpeg -f concat -i mylist.txt -c copy merged-pre-subbed.mkv
Probe size issues?

     $ ffmpeg -analyzeduration 2147483647 -probesize 2147483647 ...
Deinterlace

    -vf yadif
Metadata Examples

    ffmpeg -i foo.avi -i commentary.mp3 -map 0 -map 1 -c:a copy -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -preset fast  -metadata:s:a:1 title="Commentary" -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng  funk.mkv
Autocrop

    $ ffplay -i foo.mkv -vf "cropdetect=24:16:0"

    <let it run for a minute>

    [Parsed_cropdetect_0 @ 0x7ff093c65c00] x1:0 x2:1919 y1:132 y2:947 w:1920 h:816 x:0 y:132 pts:30155 t:30.155000 crop=1920:816:0:132

    -filter:v:0 "crop=1920:816:0:132"
Not an ffmpeg wizard here, but here are my screencasting commands. Probably the most useful knowledge in this snippet is how to use Alsa from ffmpeg; i.e., Alsa devices can be referred to as hw:0, hw:1, etc; and one finds out which device to use from arecord.

  # Example output file.
  f=/tmp/output.mp4

  # Example video resolution.
  g=1920x1080

  # Example capture framerate
  fr=4

  # Example X11 display
  d=$DISPLAY

  # Simple screencast.
  #
  # Try adjusting the libx264 CRF from 15 to some greater number, as long
  # as there is no visible effect on video quality.
  #
  # If increasing the capture framerate, you may also wish to use a
  # faster preset.
  ffmpeg  -probesize 50M  -f x11grab -video_size "$g" -framerate "$fr" -i "$d"    \
         -c:v libx264 -crf 15 -preset veryslow   "$f"

  # Simple screencast without drawing the pointer/cursor.
  ffmpeg  -probesize 50M  -f x11grab -video_size "$g" -framerate "$fr" -draw_mouse 0 -i "$d"      \
         -c:v libx264 -crf 15 -preset veryslow   "$f"

  # See what devices are available for capturing sound.
  arecord -l

  # Select a device.
  audioCaptureDevice=hw:0

  # List some permitted parameters associated with device 0.
  #
  # We are interested in the "FORMAT", "CHANNELS", and "RATE" parameters
  # for use in the ffmpeg command.
  arecord --dump-hw-params -D "$audioCaptureDevice"

  audioSampleFormat=pcm_s32le
  audioNumChannels=2
  audioRate=44100

  f=/tmp/output.mp3

  # Record sound.
  ffmpeg  -thread_queue_size 8192 -f alsa -channels "$audioNumChannels" -sample_rate "$audioRate" \
         -c:a "$audioSampleFormat" -ar "$audioRate" -i "$audioCaptureDevice" "$f"

  f=/tmp/output.mkv

  # Screencast with sound.
  #
  # Note that there seems to be an FFMPEG bug where the audio in the last
  # 15 seconds of the video is cut off. The workaround is to record for
  # 15 exrtra seconds, and then cut the extra video.
  ffmpeg  -probesize 50M  -f x11grab -video_size "$g" -framerate "$fr" -i "$d"                    \
         -thread_queue_size 8192 -f alsa -channels "$audioNumChannels" -sample_rate "$audioRate" \
         -c:a "$audioSampleFormat" -ar "$audioRate" -i "$audioCaptureDevice"                     \
         -c:a flac -c:v libx264 -crf 17          "$f"

  Convert AVI to MP4
  ----------------------------
  ffmpeg -i input.avi -c:v libx264 -crf 19 -preset slow -c:a libvo_aacenc -b:a 192k -ac 2 out.mp4

  Convert MP4 to GIF
  ---------------------------
  mkdir frames
  ffmpeg -i video.mp4  -r 5 'frames/frame-%03d.jpg'
  cd frames
  convert -delay 20 -loop 0 -layers Optimize *.jpg myimage.gif
I have none. But I do gave HandBrake installed.
I always grep for ffmpeg in .bash_history.
I use control-r very often.
I wrote a command-line based video editing tool as a 300-line bash script. It reads a list of segments of video (source file, start position, length) to string together (including options such as image overlay, fade, fast forward, slow motion, static image) from a text file, and converts it into a Makefile with ffmpeg commands in it, which you can then run with whatever level of parallelism you wish. It treats the video and sound separately, and creates a video and sound file for each segment, using concatenatable formats for both. Then the final few make targets are to concatenate the video into one file, the sound into another file, and then multiplex them into a single file. Used it a few times for editing my own videos. It's a bit big to share here though.
# Encode for Apple, 720p

ffmpeg -i snow.mp4 -c:v libx265 -preset slow -crf 28 -tag:v hvc1 -c:a aac -ac 2 -b:a 128k -vf scale=1280:-1 snow.mov

# Merge video from one file, audio from another, trimmed

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp4 -c:v copy -c:a aac -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 -to 00:00:41 merged.mp4

# Trim a video

ffmpeg -ss 00:06:58 -to 00:08:26 -i TeSiJmLoJd0.webm bbf.mp4

Annotate video with frame numbers:

  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=fontfile=font.ttf: text=%{n}: x=48: y=48: fontcolor=white: box=1: boxcolor=0x00000099: fontsize=72" -y output.mp4
Remove audio track from video:

  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy -an output.mp4
avi2gif:

    ffmpeg -i $1 -vf scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos,fps=10 /tmp/frames/ffout%03d.png
    convert -loop 0 /tmp/frames/ffout*.png $1.gif

flac2mp3

    parallel-moreutils -i -j$(nproc) ffmpeg -i {} -qscale:a 0 {}.mp3 -- ./*.flac
    rename .flac.mp3 .mp3 ./*.mp3

screencast

    TIMESTAMP=`date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H"`
    TMP_AVI=$(mktemp /tmp/outXXXXXXXXXX.avi)
    ffcast -s % ffmpeg -y -f x11grab -show_region 1 -framerate 15 \
    -video_size %s -i %D+%c -codec:v huffyuv                  \
    -vf crop="iw-mod(iw\\,2):ih-mod(ih\\,2)" $TMP_AVI         \
    && convert -set delay 10 -layers Optimize $TMP_AVI /home/nemo/Desktop/GIFs/$TIMESTAMP.gif

split-audio-by-chapters[0] to split a audiobook from Audible to multiple files by chapters.

split-by-audible[1] to split a audiobook from Audible to multiple files by chapters using the copied timestamps from the Audible Web Player.

split-by-silence[2] to split audiobooks by Silence instead

audiobook2video[3] to generate a video file from audiobooks. Puts up a nice cover.

[0]:https://github.com/captn3m0/Scripts/blob/master/split-audio-...

[1]: https://github.com/captn3m0/Scripts/blob/master/split-by-aud...

[2]: https://github.com/captn3m0/Scripts/blob/master/split-by-sil...

[3]: https://github.com/captn3m0/Scripts/blob/master/audiobook2vi...

Cut ffmpeg video without losing quality by keeping the same codecs, very fast:

Example: Start at 52 seconds, take 10 minutes after that:

  ffmpeg -ss 52 -i input.mp4 -c copy -t 00:10:00.0 output.mp4
I store my list of ffmpeg shortcuts on a website called StackOverflow
Indeed! Here is my collection of FFmpeg CLIs: https://github.com/kdeldycke/kevin-deldycke-blog/blob/main/c...

    ffmpeg -i foo.mp4 -c:v h264_videotoolbox -b:v 1600k foo_out.mp4
On macOS, this uses hardware acceleration to reencode a video at a lower bitrate. My macbook is from 2012, so this does make a notable difference. There's also "hevc_videotoolbox" for H.265 if your machine supports it.
It will also significantly tank the quality (HW encoders are horrible at quality-per-bit ratio) - libx264 at this bitrate will make a huge difference in how good the video will look.
Here is mine.

To screen capture every 600 frames:

  ffmpeg -i my_vid.mp4 -vf "select=not(mod(n\,600))" -vsync vfr -q:v 15 img_%03d.jpg
To make a montage that's 1024 px wide:

  for d in \*
  do
      (montage -mode concatenate -tile 4x -resize 1024x $d"/\* "$d".jpg)
  done
All I have that I'm not seeing elsewhere in the replies is:

ffmpeg -r 1 -loop 1 -i 1.png -i 1.wav -c:v libvpx -c:a libvorbis -b:a 64k -shortest out.webm (clearly this is old)

-max_muxing_queue_size 2048 (magically fixes some errors and microscopically increases quality, a no-brainer on machines with more than token amounts of RAM)

-pix_fmt yuv420p

Every damn time I have to export from after effects and need a file I can actually open.

Back in 2004, someone released an unauthorized fan dub/narration of the the first Harry Potter movie called Wizard People, Dear Reader that hilariously butchers the entire plot, character names, and motivations. This narration is (loosely) synced to the movie and its scenes, and for a long time I watched it via clips uploaded to YouTube. But when Sorcerer’s Stone got a 4K release, I decided it was time to rip it and create my own canonical copy.

The original audio files of the dub were at this point still available on archive.org. The problem is that the second audio file is not meant to play directly after the first - this was back in the days of CD players, so halfway through the movie the dub instructs you to begin playing the second CD once the next scene starts. The other problem is that the second file is louder than the first.

Most sources I saw online said to insert a gap of three seconds to account for the delay, and didn’t have a solution for the difference in volume. I wanted to be more precise.

First, I found the exact start time of the scene where the second audio track begins:

    ffprobe hp.mkv
    ...
        Chapter #0:18: start  4428.882000, end 4817.521000
        Metadata:
          title           : Chapter 19
    ...
Then I compared this with the duration of the first audio track:

    ffprobe wiz1.mp3
    ...
      Duration: 01:13:45.33, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 66 kb/s
    ...
The difference between these time stamps gave the actual delay of 3.582 seconds.

I then compared the maximum audio levels of the two audio tracks to determine the level to increase the first track’s volume by (there are more advanced features in FFmpeg for volume normalization, but I just wanted to remove the potential for eardrum damage when beginning Chapter 19 and keep things as similar as possible otherwise):

    ffmpeg -i wiz1.mp3 -af volumedetect -f null -
    [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 000001ecf871c1c0] max_volume: -11.1 dB

    ffmpeg -i wiz2.mp3 -af volumedetect -f null -
    [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 000001858b881880] max_volume: -3.6 dB
This gave me the volume increase for the first track of 7.5 dB.

Once I had these numbers, it was time for the one-liner to adjust the first track’s volume, concatenate the two tracks with the gap of silence, and mux them with the video from the movie:

    ffmpeg -i hp.mkv -i wiz1.mp3 -i wiz2.mp3 -filter_complex "[1]volume=7.5dB[wiz1];aevalsrc=0:duration=3.582:sample_rate=22050[gap];[wiz1][gap][2]concat=n=3:v=0:a=1,apad[wiz]" -map 0 -map "[wiz]" -shortest -c:v copy -c:a flac -sample_fmt s16 -f matroska wiz.mkv
Extract audio from all my downloaded YT .webm videos to .opus:

  for i in *.webm ; do echo "$i";ffmpeg -i "$i" -acodec copy -vn "${i%.*}.opus" ; done
Nothing fancy.
mov2gif:

    ffmpeg -i input.mov -vf "fps=10,scale=600:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen[p];[s1][p]paletteuse" -loop 0 output.gif
slow down by 10x (gopro 240fps to 24fps)

ffmpeg -i ${1} -sn -an -c:v libx264 -r 24 -filter:v "setpts=10PTS" -crf 19 ${1}-10x.mkv

reverse video

ffmpeg -i $IFILE -s 3840x2160 -f image2 -q:v 1 -vf format=yuvj420p $tmpdir/p%8d.jpg cat $(ls -t $tmpdir/p.jpg) | ffmpeg -f image2pipe -c:v mjpeg -r 30 -i - -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -vf format=yuv420p -preset slow -f mp4 $OFILE

loop a video: loopcount=$1

ffmpeg -stream_loop $1 -i $2 -c copy $3.mkv

I wonder if ffmpeg should have a scripting language and/or repl