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by luckylion 1903 days ago
Same for the first two, but not the last. It's somewhat common for craftsmen to work "off the books" on smaller private contracts. It's a trade-off because obviously it's hard to claim liability when you have no proof they even worked on it and no contract specifying the work to be done. It's even more common in larger construction projects.

Unreported work/income is estimated at about 10% of GDP: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/20063/umfrage...