[Arnavion]

>the access pattern you're trying to use would actually result in undefined behavior with &mut pointers (or I assume C restrict pointers) [...] Obviously it's possible to fix this problem by having different guarantees on pointers (C's pointers, rust raw pointers)

Yes, I said as much in the last paragraph.

>but it's not clear that the occasional overhead of some metadata tracking (refcell) isn't actually going to be more performant than the constant overhead of not having aliasing guarantees everywhere else.

Generating panicking code where it's not needed is bad in general. It adds unwinding (unless disabled), collects backtraces (unavoidable), and often pulls in the std::fmt machinery.

Yes, in general it's almost certainly true that non-aliasing pointers produce more benefits regardless. My comment was in the context of the very specific example it gave.