[flazzarino]

You define variables and code that changes the variables over time. TLA+ lets you observe variable states and assert constraints. The amount of concurrency is up to you, it works fine with a single process.

Non-determinism might be a better thing to anchor the value to. For example in a deterministic "normal" programming environment, an if/then/else statement will execute only one out of two possible code paths. You have to run the code with a complementary condition to observe the other code path.

In a non-deterministic environment like TLA+ both possible code paths are executed. You can observe state transitions in both possibilities.

In a deterministic context the combinatorics of code paths can get out of hand quickly. Non-deterministically you have one set of assertions for all code paths, or patterns of paths.