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In my experience complex sites like railways, airports etc. tend to have a lot of nominally digital data already. Things like topographic surveys, engineering drawings, surveys etc. But usually they are more "drawing" than useful data products. Massive directory structures full of random cad files with obtuse layering for small limited contracts, often using a local coordinate system. For a long time there have been efforts to improve data quality under the bim banner, and now perhaps digital twins.