1) Are there any real examples of software exploits that could have been fixed by programming language features?
2) Is there an incentive to exploit software bugs in a payment system?
To which the answers are 1) almost too many to count, and 2) yes, definitely.
Slides can be downloaded. I hope the talk recording will be available as well.
Memory unsafety is just one class of safety bugs, and a relatively unimportant one.
As far as payment processors go, I'd be much more worried about concurrency bugs.
Wrong. Memory unsafety, in its various forms, is the primary source of exploits in software written in C.
> I'd be much more worried about concurrency bugs
Another thing which is hard to do in C, and so much easier in some more modern programming languages (particularly in Rust).
1) Are there any real examples of software exploits that could have been fixed by programming language features?
2) Is there an incentive to exploit software bugs in a payment system?
To which the answers are 1) almost too many to count, and 2) yes, definitely.