[marcosdumay]

The author is suggesting running your code (all of it) in a separate environment, that isn't prod. There is a passing acknowledgment that data exists, but nothing more about it. Very likely, he don't talk about data because bringing all of your data into another environment is indeed not viable for a lot of people, or even legal for some.

If you replace all of your data, it's still your code running there. But you must have some data, or your code won't run, and it must look like real data, or your environment will be fake again... where "look like real data" is completely problem dependent.