IIRC, the “checking for a solution to the problem” dialogs were added because they (Microsoft) would submit an actual bug report to the developers, and if they offered a solution, Microsoft’s servers would respond with it. I’ve never seen it work, but IIRC, they added it back in the Windows 95 days (when there was a lot less software to deal with).
Windows has tens of thousands of them. However, the vast majority of them unlike this quirks file are very very specifically gated to an explicit version range, file name, product name, etc etc, typically with consent of the app manufacturer.