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Speaking anecdotally, I put a few logical ideas together from different articles and got an answer that seems to work for me some years ago:

1. Simple carbs like sugar are metabolic stressors

2. Saturated fats, as well as other agents like caffeine can act to accelerate the metabolisation of sugar

3. If you consume a stressor with an accelerator, you are more likely to do damage than if they are spread out or diluted e.g. with fiber, so don't do that

4. (Something something exercise)

This hypothesis, while lacking in rigor, explains why I can have two burgers and be fine, but be miserable if I have a burger, fries and a coffee.