The nomenclature of CPU models can be very opaque, that's why I refer to https://cpu.userbenchmark.com/ to compare different CPUs. There can be some surprises performance wise.
Don't refer to userbenchmark. Their ratings are so blatantly manipulated that they've gotten themselves banned from virtually every forum or subreddit for hardware advice. You know something's up when both r/Intel and r/AMD ban a "benchmarking" site.
What's an alternative for when I want ballpark performance numbers, where I'm not making a purchasing decision and I just want to know, "compared to what I have, is this other thing a {little,lot}{slower,faster} or about the same? Where "about the same" is within ~20% and the little/lot line is around 100% (double)?
Here is an alternative. None of them are perfect but for spur of the moment comparisons, a consistent "general" CPU benchmark should probably work well enough.
If it matters, i.e. purchase/usage decision, you really should dig into specific benchmarks that reflect your use (e.g. the actual application or game).
That looks great for a detailed comparison, but is quite a bit too much information for when I just want a quick "I haven't looked up that cpu before, what ballpark performance is it?