But it wasn't true in music---the industry was vertically integrated.
For instance Virgin Megastore sold records in London, and world wide.
Virgin Music produced those records.
Virgin Music Group (known in the US as EMI) handled distribution of the records to out-of-chain companies.
Virgin even broadcast under the label Virgin Radio, and sponsored festivals such as the V-Festival.
That's just one example, but the whole industry was integrated to various degrees.
But it wasn't true in music---the industry was vertically integrated.
For instance Virgin Megastore sold records in London, and world wide.
Virgin Music produced those records.
Virgin Music Group (known in the US as EMI) handled distribution of the records to out-of-chain companies.
Virgin even broadcast under the label Virgin Radio, and sponsored festivals such as the V-Festival.
That's just one example, but the whole industry was integrated to various degrees.