How are you indexing literally billions of messages on tiny mobile devices? What happens when you wipe your device and you want to have your chat history from before? How do you download all the previous chat messages? Who hosts the chat index?
I think it is very unlikely for a conversation to reach billions of messages. There are less than 32 million seconds in a year. So, Yoigo would need to send a message per seconds for decades to reach a billion.
Of course there are people who are much more popular than me, so it might be possible and I am not aware of it. :)
There is no limit to joining these chats. These design decisions Telegram has picked has allowed the app to be quasi social media, rather than just IM. You can't index these and maintain chat history locally. You'd need way more bandwidth and energy and computational power than the average cellphone has.