[hyperpallium2]

(just unpacking) Prediction of value, initially and over time, requires market analysis.

Given that, predicting which projects will produce that value, and which designs will accommodate future additions of value, is engineering.

I still like Parnas's On the Criteria to Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules, where the choice of "information hiding" requires predicting what is likely to change - and predicting value.