[Jenda_]

FYI you don't need to run the second stage of debootstrap/dpkg on the device. You can install qemu-user-static, "cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static path/to/sd/card/mount/usr/bin/" and then you can chroot there from your x86 machine. It works by registering a handler in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc and then it runs the binaries with qemu.

[jamesmd]

I tried that, it refused to execute armel binaries however arm64 worked fine.

I’m not sure if it’s a bug or something I was doing wrong but I gave up and just finished the install on the device.

[andrewshadura]

There's also a tool called debos which can automate that.