[joshuamorton]

Most of those industries have board certifications. An EE or architect may take months studying for a board certification exam.

Physicians are similar in that you have board certification and residency which provides a baseline level of implied compatency. As I understand it, your residency can essentially set your career. You won't be able to change speciality, and moving up in terms of institution is difficult.

In practice this might be "you can only get hired at faang with faang on your resume", so your options if you don't get it right out of college are to do masters or hope to get a job at Amazon and possibly pivot that into a position at a different firm.