[dragonwriter]

> I understand the difference

No, you clearly don't.

> The problem is that you can completely change the shape of the object that’s “const”

“const” is not a feature of objects, but of the reference to a value (which may or may not be an object).

You can't change the reference at all (unlike a var/let references), hence it is constant.

Object immutability is orthogonal to reference immutability and is attained by Object.freeze().