[DenisM]

It's a lot longer because it doesn't know your have encoded your input data in, essentially base-1. If you to convert it to base-256 (that is, and array of bytes, instead or array of bits as you have now) it would produce the same length. Yes, there is base64 implementation in pretty much any language, though they usually use + and / for the two extra characters.

As wikipedia says, padding can be added or removed as a matter of taste: From a theoretical point of view the padding character is not needed, since the number of missing bytes can be calculated from the number of base64 digits.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64#Padding