Let's not forget that Britain could have had mega fast fibre broaband in the 1990s if Margaret Thatcher had allowed British Telecom to proceed instead of 'leaving it to the market to decide'.
Plenty of similar stories in the US. In particular our Superconducting Super Collider which would have been around 3 times the energy of the LHC. We spent $2 Billion on it, dug 14 miles of tunnel, and then shut it all down and let it fill up with water. What a colossal waste.
To be fair it was a bit early technology-wise and they would have had to rip the entire thing out and start again three times since. We did pretty good out of copper in the end.
The expensive bit of putting in a fibre network is the holes and ducts.
Once you've got that you can replace fibre relatively cheaply. Guess what, BT's labs were well there too. They also invented the tech for blown fibre installation before anyone else.
BT were the world leaders until the Torys thew that away, for who knows why.
IMHO twisted pair copper or coax is nothing more than a slow cludge compared to real fibre.
...and by market she really meant wholly foreign owned corporations in the form of NTL and Telewest. Personally I blame Norman Tebbit for screwing the pooch on that one.
Still it's not like the current bunch of "classics" graduates have any more forsight, sadly.
I would like to learn a bit more of the details of how this developed from start to finish. Were there any other bidders apart from NTL and Telewest? This must be a matter of public record somewhere.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_Super_Collider