You can use manifest inspect[1] to see all supported architectures, and you should also be able to see on Docker Hub[2] as well.
EDIT: If you're asking specifically if you can tell what architecture a running container is using, a simple `docker inspect CONTAINER_ID` should show it.
I just checked myself, and you get notified with a nice WARNING upon a `docker run`:
WARNING: The requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the detected host platform (linux/arm64/v8) and no specific platform was requested