The article is essentially nonsense. Entanglement cannot transmit arbitrary information. At best, it can provide remote synchronization. E.g. my photon collapsed to a 0, therefore I know my partner's photon is a 1. We will execute Playbook A.
Also, nothing teleported. The photon in question was sent via a laser.
Exactly. ELI5 is that quantum teleportation is (sadly) a marketing phrase. It is 2020 and such phrases as "teleported an object" are simply a mischief.
Because the quantum teleportation protocol requires the transmission of classical information in order to complete it. It's really a bogus label. Nothing physical is being teleported. It's just a way of using two classical bits to move a qbit from A to B.
Information is the result of an interpretation, not the data you try to share with a distant interpreter.
As current widely admitted interpretation of red shift tell us, there are star moving away from us at a pace faster than speed of light, due to time-space inflation.
And finally, one possible interpretation of quantic intrication is that the change reflected on two distant objects is that there are actually the same object on some dimension which we can't grab with our tools.
None of these invalidate the idea of a maximum speed for all objects along a given dimension of a stable space.
One quibble with your phrasing. Spacetime is expanding. Inflation is a word reserved for the idea of a period of hyper-expansion in the very early universe.
The expansion of spacetime is also accelerating. Stars that are very far away from us will be increasing their distance faster than light could travel. They are passing beyond our horizon.
What you call "quantic intrication" is usually referred to as quantum entanglement. Current working theories have it that entangled fields interact over a spacetime bridge (an Einstein-Rosen bridge) also known as a wormhole, between the two allowing locality of information exchange (ER=EPR conjecture).
Also, nothing teleported. The photon in question was sent via a laser.