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by danans 2034 days ago
> What's amazing is that Indian classical music has no key. There is no absolute sense of middle C or whatever. It is relative to the tuning of the drone

Yes, but practically there are standard pitch zones based on the tunability of certain instruments, particularly percussion.

> Going up in the scale is different than going down and there are some key phrases that identify a raga. Then its all about interpretation.

Sometimes but not always. Most ragas are the same ascending and descending. They are more like the western modes system.

> Then its all about interpretation.

There is actually a huge body of fixed compositions, for both melodic and rhythmic instruments, especially in Carnatic and Dhrupad traditions. Of course improvisation still plays a more important role vs. western classical music, but it is driven by a set of standard canonical themes.

> Is there any specific tabla percussion associated with a Raga?

Not formally, but as one develops as an Indian classical percussionist, you develop an ear for what sorts of rhythmic passages pair with certain types of melodic structures. For example, the rapidly rolling rhythmic structure known as a Rela pairs with steady fast pulsating melodic patterns.

In terms of the actual type of percussion instrument there is a strong pairing, however. Tabla in particular is used in the Khyal style (the most prominent style of North Indian classical music and what you have likely been listening to), and is also used extensively in folk music. The Pakhawaj, a much lower pitch drum, is used with the Dhrupad style. Carnatic percussion, however, comprises a much larger variety of instruments, prime among them and closely related to the aforementioned Pakhawaj is the Mridangam.

2 comments

> Sometimes but not always. Most ragas are the same ascending and descending. They are more like the western modes system.

I in this list, http://soundofindia.com/raagas.asp I see half or more than half have different Arohana (ascending scale of notes) and Avarohana (descending)

I stand corrected about my incorrect use of the word "most", but a great many of the popularly performed ragas are the same ascending and descending.
To put a specific number, in Carnatic Music there are 72 of them and are called 'Melakarta' ragas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melakarta
Only ~15 of them are popularly performed though. And the melakartas would form the minority of the ragas in a typical concert, although they often tend to be the centerpieces.
> There is actually a huge body of fixed compositions, for both melodic and rhythmic instruments, especially in Carnatic and Dhrupad traditions. Of course improvisation still plays a more important role vs. western classical music, but it is driven by a set of standard canonical themes.

That hasn't been my observation at all. 100% of the stuff I find on Spotify is improvised and interpretative.

Could you point to some specifics? Not only is that interesting, perhaps it can also provide insight into the underpinnings of the "identity" of a raga. I think there is definitely a commonality between different people rendering the raga but I haven't come across a "cookie-cutter" of the sorts.

Thanks for your comment!

> That hasn't been my observation at all. 100% of the stuff I find on Spotify is improvised and interpretative.

Khyal is mostly improvised, but even then if you listen closely there are common phrases and rhythmic patterns that get reused over and over again. Think of them as analogous to standard blues licks and riffs.

Also, if you are not a native speaker of Indian languages, especially with instrumental music you aren't hearing the words to the songs. A native listener would however recognize the fixed compositions and themes because they often know words that go along with them. I would recommend listening to the vocal renderings of Indian classical music to develop the sense.

Here are notes and lecture from a performance from the Dhrupad style that might help illuminate some of this:

https://asiasociety.org/video/gundecha-brothers-concert-high...

I see your point. I listen to vocal renditions, but context around what's being said would be helpful.