[joe_the_user]

According my research and others' comment, OpenCL is mess, so filled with boilerplate that it is just an interface to each companies own approach. Cuda actually encapsulates GPU computation.

AMD has HIP, which is closer the Cuda but HIP seems less developed.

But I believe the basic problem is AMD doesn't make sufficiently high end GPUs to compete with Nvidia in ML.

Personally, I don't care what happens in the cloud, just what I can buy. I would note Nvidia does have competition in the cloud from Google's TPUs and I assume any large cloud vendor is going to negotiate with Nvidia. While I'd love AMD to be cost-effective for ML somewhere, it seems they aren't 'cause that's not what they're targeting.