[mppm]

Initially, your particle in Australia and its entangled twin in the USA exist in a superposition of 0 and 1. When you "measure" the state of your particle, you force it to assume a definite state, and entanglement forces the other particle to assume e.g. the opposite definite state ("spooky action at a distance"). This allows you to synchronize information across large distances, but you cannot send anything, because you cannot chose the outcome of the quantum measurement.

[willis936]

If you can guarantee a random distribution of the color of the balls, it seems like a decent way to handle secure key echange.

[mppm]

Yes, that is in fact one of the practical ways to do quantum key distribution.

[teekert]

What if we manage to get our whole world into a superposition and only collapse to the world where the particles did contain the message we wanted? Sorry... I've been reading a lot of Greg Egan lately ;)