[pedrocr]

I know that motivation but I'm more curious about the hardware architecture angle. Integrating the memory controller in the CPU was supposedly a big gain at the time. Now it's in a different chip and multi-socket motherboards already have to traverse the board to access RAM attached to another chip. Are the interconnects better now and so going back to a single northbridge is workable? Would it simplify the topology in multi-socket systems to have all the RAM together instead of having to take care with process affinity to RAM? I'd love a source for discussion around these kinds of tradeoffs.

[josmala]

On package interconnection latency and power is way lower than going off package, AMD also doubled the L3 cache size to compensate for increased memory latency. The issue of putting too much IO in single die is that perimeter of die/package needs to fit all the IO traces on substrate/motherboard, which means more layers and more costs. Everything is just a performance/cost/power trade off. But I would say that off package controllers dealing with multiple CPU chips are probably less viable now than they were before current core count increase.It's because synchronization traffic would require insanely large busses to those controllers, if you wanted to have lots of sockets, and then you would need a lot more pins to those. On the other hand if you had those on package you would get a lot more bandwidth at much lower power and latency, which is what AMD has done.