Resolution of plain optics only goes up to the diffraction limit, which is not enough to see a virus.
Then there are super-resolution techniques which can go beyond that, but I don't think any of them could be adapted to scan the vicinity of the coughing human in real time.
Edit: some sizes here, including SARS-CoV-2
https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Size-of-SARS-CoV-2-C...