[mlajszczak]

The question "does X have subjective experiences" could be addressed by a theory of consciousness. Such theory should be able to tell what physical systems, and to what extent, are conscious. Interestingly, attempts of such theory already exist: Integrated information theory is a good example.

[ta1234567890]

Also Panpsychism: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism/

The problem with these definitions is that they require wide-spread agreement to be considered valid explanations.

[jibal]

IIT is really just a definition. And like all such definitions, it includes some things that are intuitively not conscious and excludes some things that are intuitively conscious, which is why such "theories" don't go anywhere.